Maximizing the Light Extraction Efficiency for AlGaN-Based DUV-LEDs with Two Optimally Designed Surface Structures under the Guidance of PSO

A novel method of utilizing an Toys intelligent algorithm to guide the light extraction surface structure designing process for deep-ultraviolet light emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) is proposed and investigated.Two kinds of surface structures based on the truncated pyramid array (TPA) and truncated cone array (TCA) are applied, which are expected to su

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Definitions of Computer-Assisted Surgery and Intervention, Image-Guided Surgery and Intervention, Hybrid Operating Room, and Guidance Systems

Objective:.To develop consensus definitions of image-guided surgery, computer-assisted surgery, hybrid operating room, and surgical navigation systems.Summary Background Data:.The use of minimally invasive procedures has increased tremendously over the past 2 decades, but terminology related to image-guided minimally invasive procedures has not bee

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The influences of social support expressed from doctors and disclosed from peers on patient decision-making: an analysis from the online health community

Abstract Patients are turning to OHCs to deal with the stresses and complications of infertility.As a stigmatized disease, infertile patients may value informational support and emotional support differently, which is ignored in existing studies.Based on social support theory, this study aims to reveal the role of informational support and emotiona

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Thermal-Feature System Identification for a Machine Tool Spindle

The internal temperature is an important index for the prevention and maintenance of a spindle.However, the temperature inside the spindle is undetectable directly because there Play Mat is no space to embed a temperature sensor, and drilling holes will reduce its mechanical stiffness.Therefore, it is worthwhile understanding the thermal-feature of

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